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A key requirement of any scientific explanation of a natural phenomenon is that it must be testable one must be able to devise and conduct an experimental investigation that either supports or refutes the explanation. The word science comes from a Latin word that means having knowledge, and refers the knowledge of how the physical world operates, based on objective evidence determined through observation and experimentation. All of these groundbreaking advancements rely on the principles of physics. Next, think about the most exciting modern technologies that you have heard about in the news, such as trains that levitate above their tracks, invisibility cloaks that bend light around them, and microscopic robots that fight diseased cells in our bodies. Computers, wireless internet, smart phones, tablets, global positioning system (GPS), MP3 players, and satellite radio might come to mind. Think about all of the technological devices that you use on a regular basis. The orbit of the moon could also be brought into this discussion, because Earth’s gravity keeps the moon moving around Earth rather than continuing in a straight path. Without the Sun’s gravity, Earth would continue moving in a straight line and move away from the sun, while people would float off of Earth’s surface. This motion allows Earth to bask in the warmth of the sun’s light. Prompt them, if necessary, to also think about Earth’s orbital motion around the sun. Students will likely mention how gravity keeps us on Earth’s surface. Teachers could ask students how gravity affects life on Earth. The introduction and opening picture are meant to show students that the physical laws governing their own everyday surroundings also govern the movement of stars in a galaxy.

Students could also be asked to name some prominent classical and modern physicists and to describe some of their work in general terms. Pre-assessment for this section could involve asking students the definition of matter, atoms, electrons, protons, neutrons, subatomic particles, and energy. To help meet the multimodal needs of classrooms today, OpenStax Tutor’s Physics provides Teacher Support tips for on-level, below-level, and above-level students.

(A) in all fields of science, analyze, evaluate, and critique scientific explanations by using empirical evidence, logical reasoning, and experimental and observational testing, including examining all sides of scientific evidence of those scientific explanations, so as to encourage critical thinking by the student.The student uses critical thinking, scientific reasoning, and problem solving to make informed decisions within and outside the classroom. (A) know the definition of science and understand that it has limitations, as specified in subsection (b)(2) of this section.The student uses a systematic approach to answer scientific laboratory and field investigative questions. The learning objectives in this section will help your students master the following standards: